Against a backdrop of bomb blasts, sporadic violence and repressive state measures, Cameroon's Anglophone crisis has entered a new and intensified phase. After separatists issued a declaration of independence for the state of Ambazonia, police staged a crackdown opposed to secession. In 1858,. Symbolism (Blue stands for Perseverance and liberty. Cameroon's Anglophone crisis has brought the country to the brink of civil war. [21] The United Nations initiated discussions with French Cameroun on the terms of association of Southern Cameroons if the outcome of the plebiscite was in favour of a federation of the two countries. In 1919, Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally surrendered its colonies to the Allies. On the other hand, Cameroon's state Army is using shrewd military tactics against the guerilla warfare of these militias. For Saudis like me, nothing could be more disheartening than a divorce from the United States. The Ambazonia Defense Forces see the Biafra-Ambazonia alliance as a critical outlet to end rising Fulani-led attacks. The 13 counties are governed by county-ministers; these individuals are chosen by political parties as candidates to govern the area and are voted into office during State elections (which occur every two years, similar to the U.S. [18], In 1957, United Nations Resolutions 1064 (XI) of 26 Feb 1957 and 1207 (XII) of Dec 13, 1957 called on the Administering Authorities to hasten arrangements for Trust territories to attain self-governance or independence. Accordingto lawyer Henry Baaboh, Southern Cameroons or Ambazonia does not need to fight for independence because it already attained it in 1961. Ambazonia, officially the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, also referred to as Amba Land, is an unrecognised breakaway state in West Africa which claims the Northwest Region and Southwest Region of Cameroon, though it currently controls almost none of the claimed territory. In 2005, the Southern Cameroons/Republic of Ambazonia became a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO) it was renewed in 2018. Whereas I spent all my life fighting to have a deep sea port in Limbe(Victoria) developed, this project had to be shelved and instead an expensive pipeline is to be built from SONARA in Limbe to Douala in order to pipe the oil to Douala. Strategically located in the Gulf of Guinea at the hinge of Africa, Ambazonia is bordered to the east . Prior to Cameroons independence in 1961, Southern Cameroons was administered as a UN Trust territory. Ambazonia enjoys good relations with members of the West African Union, and other Anglophone African nations. Several different armed factions have emerged such as the Red Dragons, Tigers, ARA, Seven Kata, ABL, with varying levels of coordination with and loyalty to Ambazonian political leaders. green stands for the fertility of the land, prosperity and growth. . The 10 Anglophone separatists, who call their country Ambazonia, were among the 47 Anglophone Cameroonians arrested in Nigeria in January 2018. . In 2016, armed separatist groups carried out violent attacks against the Mbororo community over its lack of support for the Anglophone cause, and these attacks have only escalated in recent years. Cameroon and gave the new name of the country as Republic of Cameroon without r ecognizing the Ambazonia in the term. Click + to receive email alerts when new stories are published on if (DWDE.dsgvo.isStoringCookiesOkay()) { The name Ambazonia comes from the Ambas Bay. Jonathan Pershing, formerly the Biden administrations No. It raises the question: How do companies with large global footprints decide which side to pick? During this time, West Cameroonian leaders were critical of efforts to decrease their autonomy through expanded assertions of federal authority by Francophone administrators in West Cameroon. West Cameroon was divided into two administrative regions, which survive today: the "North West" and "South West" regions.[32]. .png 300 300; 10 KB. [16], The Federal Republic of Southern Cameroon/Ambazonia is a federation made up of Three Autonomous States, namely Equatorial State, Midland State and Savannah State. [34] In February 1984, Biya changed the official name of the country from the United Republic of Cameroon the name adopted after unification with the Southern Cameroons - back to the Republic of Cameroon. European traders from several nations visited Ambas Bay beginning with the Portuguese in the 1470s. }); Demonstrators carry banners as they take part in a march voicing their opposition to independence for the . It took only a short while, however, for complaints to emerge. Yellow stands for Justice and prosperity. Lying spear stands for peace rather than war. The government of 83-year-old President Paul Biya has showed no signsto compromise. The Cameroonian government is seeking to implement a 1996 law it refused to enact for over two decades. White stands for Providence from God, hope and peace. Fax number: 240-556-0535 Many inhabitants identify as Anglophones and resent what they perceive as discrimination and efforts to eliminate Anglophone legal, administrative, educational, and cultural institutions by the Cameroonian government. Required fields are marked *. By Fax: 1-240-556-0535. Paul Biyas regime is ignoring the battle against Boko Haram and the Islamic State and using foreign counterterrorism assistance to fund its brutal repression of citizens with legitimate grievances. n.push = n; There is currently only a single permanent embassy, with Nigeria. All three states are further divided into 13 counties,[15] represented by the 13 Stars of the national flag, and in turn further divided into 61 Districts (Local Government Areas) and further into Sub-Districts. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [63] The northeastern parts of Northwest Region (including the city of Bamenda) have a tropical savanna climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons. In 1966, he succeeded in banning opposition political parties, establishing a one-party state. . 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); The leader of the self-declared Governing Council of Ambazonia, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, is among the 10 who have been convicted A leader of Cameroon's separatist movement, Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, and nine of. s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) Biafra Nations League - BnL.png 2,122 2,122; 416 KB. The self-declared state borders Cameroon to the east, Nigeria to the west and north and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. t.src = v; From the mid-1980s, the break between the Southern Cameroon elites and the Francophone-dominated central government became increasingly apparent. The panelists included Anne Richards, CEO of Fidelity International; Carmine Di Sibio, CEO of Ernst & Young; Mathias Miedreich, CEO of Umicore; and Lubna S. Olayan, chair of the executive committee of Olayan Financing Company. I think it is that third option which is disturbing Southern Cameroonians up to this day. Ever since the two territories became one, Anglophone Cameroonians have complained they arepolitically and economically marginalized. Instead, Biya, who has been in power since 1982, has ordered a military crackdown on the protests. In an open letter to U.S. President Joe Biden, published in local media outlets, the Biafran leader Kanu requested that the U.S. government suspend arms sales to Nigeria, citing human rights abuses and Buharis draconian measures to put down peaceful pro-Biafran protests. Blue stands for Liberty and perseverance. Media in category "Ambazonia" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. The two also discussed climate cooperation with China, the road to COP28, and much else. [55][56] Peace talks mediated by the Swiss government have fallen apart multiple times, primarily due to factional divisions and lack of actual control over militias by separatist leaders making even preliminary steps difficult. Most of Ambazonia has a tropical monsoon climate, with the coastal plain containing some of the rainiest places in the world (such as the village of Debundscha). Others have alleged that some militias have engaged in ransom attacks against civilians to fund their continued activities. Flag of the Cameroon 19611975 with two stars representing the two federated states, Federal Republic of Cameroon and 1972 Constitution (19611972), Unitary state and growing Anglophone discontent (19722015), Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999), African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation, Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front, Cameroon: Confusion as detained Ambazonia leader impeached by peers, "Cameroon: Regions, Major Cities & Towns Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information", Cameroons Anglophone separatists have created their own cryptocurrency, "Who are Cameroon's self-named Ambazonia secessionists?". The protests that began as a movement against police brutality have much bigger goalsincluding regime change. Ainsi va l'Afrique. Today, pro-Biafra activists use incendiary language, referring to the Fulani as terrorists, to incite violence. [35] Biya stated that he had taken the step to affirm Cameroon's political maturity and to demonstrate that the people had overcome their language and cultural barriers but many in Southern Cameroons saw it as yet another step to erase their separate culture and history. The quest for independence for Southern Cameroons began in October 2016 as lawyers and teachers took to the streets to decry perceived economic injustice as well ascultural and linguistic discrimination. Germany conquered Buea in 1891 after several years of fighting, transferring the colonial capital there in 1892 from Douala. No. )[20] and analysing the economic, environmental and educational land scape of a territory. Teachers and students have been kidnapped and killed and many schools and school materials burned while many children have had no schooling since the crisis began. Golden Star stands for Leadership).[32]. In 1990, opposition political parties were legalized and John Ngu Foncha, the leading Anglophone in Cameroon's government, resigned from the governing party and encapsulated much of the dissatisfaction with the central government's attitude toward the Anglophone regions in his public resignation letter: [I]t became clear to me that I had become an irrelevant nuisance that had to be ignored and ridiculed. Countries of Africa: . List of countries in Africa. Red Star stands for Strength, bloodshed, bravery and leadership). In December 2020, Kanu announced the creation of the Eastern Security Network, a pro-Biafra paramilitary wing, which Nigerian authorities have accused of carrying out a spate of attacks this year. [31] They have additionally argued that the new constitution was legally invalid since changes to the 1961 Constitution required approval from a majority of members of the Federal Assembly (legislature) and from each of the two constituent states, and that the new constitution was never approved by a majority of West Cameroonian legislators. By. All projects of the former West Cameroon I had either initiated or held very dear to my heart had to be taken over, mismanaged and ruined, e.g. Etymology. [33], Flag of Ndian County. I was to be used now only as window dressing and not listened to. I still do not understand why the United Nations did not give a third option, Feh Henry Baaboh, a legal expert in Doula, told DW. Flag of Savannah State. In 1975, the government removed one of the two stars from the flag, another symbol of the federation between two states, creating a new flag with a single star. Essential analysis of the stories shaping geopolitics on the continent. [8], The term "Ambazonia" is derived from the word Ambozes, the local name for the bay at the mouth of the Wouri river, known in English as Ambas Bay. Placing the blame for Cameroon's underdevelopment and poorly implemented public policies on the federal structure and arguing that managing separate governments in a poor country was too expensive, he announced a referendum on a new constitution, which did away with the federal structure in favor of a unitary state and granted more power to the President. The Southern Cameroonians whom I brought into the Union have been ridiculed and referred to as "les Biafrians" (Biafrans), "les enemies dans la maison" (enemies within the house), "les traitres' (traitors), etc., and the constitutional provisions which protected this Southern Cameroonian minority have been suppressed, their voices drowned while the rule of the gun has replaced the dialogue which Southern Cameroonians cherish very much. Boko Haram is an Islamist militant rebel group that has been carrying out brutal attacks on towns in Northern Nigeria since 2011. However, in the 1880s, the Scramble for Africa reached full swing with European powers rushing to gain diplomatic or military control over Africa to secure colonial claims. When the League of Nations mandate system was transmuted into the UN trusteeship system in 1946, this arrangement was again provided for in the Order-in-Council of 2 August 1946 providing for the administration of the Nigeria Protectorate and Cameroons under British mandate. n.callMethod.apply(n, arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments) In April 2014, the kidnapping of nearly 200 Chibok girls from their school gained international attention. County flags are symbolic for their respective county and may have several meanings. However, tribal leaders may not partake in federal or state politics as to prevent or calm down or avoid any form of ethnic tension. [51] On 4 February 2018, it was announced that US-based preacher Dr. Samuel Ikome Sako would become the Interim President of the Federal Republic of Ambazonia, temporarily succeeding Ayuk Tabe. African news. Still, escalating violence in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon will only add to national and regional security challenges at a time when the region is already struggling with plummeting economies, democratic backsliding, and a resurgence of violent extremism and terrorism. Districts are further divided into Sub-Districts (Wards) headed by a Ward councilor who is appointed by a District Officer. Under the Lyttleton Constitution of Nigeria in 1954, Southern Cameroons gained limited autonomy as a Quasi-Region within the Nigerian Federation. Among the 10 who were convicted was Sisiku Ayuk Tabe, the leader of the so-called Governing Council of Ambazonia - the name separatists have given to Cameroon's Anglophone North-West and South . The county-minister appoints members to the County Councils, either from the party or from locals with important skills. fbq('track', 'ViewContent'); Ambazonia is characterized by two main landscapes. Chinese domestic instability could encourage the CCP to attack the Taiwanese archipelagos of Kinmen and Matsu. Cameroon has maintained a bilingual system but the English speakers feel oppressed, The 1961 [Cameroon] constitution gave room for a federation, attorney Henry Baaboh said. Until 1961, the region was a British colony, Southern Cameroons, while the rest of Cameroon was a French colony, French Cameroon. (Former British Southern Cameroons) STATE HOUSE BUEA OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 6218 Georgia Avenue NW Suite 1-459 | Washington DC 20011-5125 Phone Number (318)243-6715 Fax: (318)274-3202 Email: ambafirst2018@gmail.com Saturday 31 December 2022 Ref. Bird stands for Freedom, vision and wisdom. Dengarkan Ambazonia National Radio dari Amerika Serikat, Buffalo secara online gratis dalam kualitas tinggi di situs. Lets watch and see if the so-called Amnesty International will condemn this attack, and CALL the ambazonia TERRORISTS for what they are. Although the government has made some concessions, it must rebuild mutual trust with Anglophone actors in order to avoid instability ahead of the 2018 general elections. Green stands Fertility of the land. Symbolism (Yellow stands for Prosperity and Justice. Mountains stands for the Two peaks of mount Fako (Mount Cameroon), determination and leadership. Click + to receive email alerts when new stories are published on. Observers have previously suggested that the Cameroonian government has rerouted U.S.-origin military equipment and U.S.-trained military personnel from the fight against Boko Haram in Cameroons Far North region to the Anglophone conflict in the Northwest and Southwest regionsand in 2019, the U.S. government reduced military spending to Cameroon over human rights abuses. The biggest city in Eastern Africa is Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, which has a population of approximately 6.5 million people. This is going to be a very good opportunity for us, because what we see on the field is there have been some alliances between the Cameroon government and Fulani, Daniel, the Ambazonian deputy military leader, said. The Biafra movement is well equipped with weaponry and other defense technology from Nigerias large black market. As the violence intensified, international efforts to resolve the crisis picked up. However, many towns and villages in the hinterlands had no German administration and may have only seen German soldiers a handful of times. Many believe that it is only a return to the country's two-state federation that will end the conflict and break the impasse. The previous year, Nigerian security forces arrested more than 30 other Anglophone activists. In 1972, Cameroon held a controversial referendum which changed the form of the state. [52] However, despite receiving a life sentence on terrorism charges from a Cameroon court,[53] on 2 May 2019, Ayuk Tabe declared from prison the dissolution of Sako's caretaker cabinet and the restoration of his own cabinet. Blue stands for vigilance and perseverance. [34], Flag of Meme. Let us see if the so-called Human "Rice" Watch will utter a statement. How does industry define morality? 10 Feb 2018. The successful joining of the two increasingly violent groups is likely to trigger a heightened response from both Cameroonian and Nigerian armed forces, which already work together to counter a Boko Haram insurgency in the northern regions of both countries. List of countries (or dependencies) in Africa ranked by population, from the most populated. 2 global climate envoy, joined FP editor in chiefRavi Agrawal to discuss Washingtons climate policy, and how it is being seen around the world. This African country is the second oldest democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa after Ghana and has access to natural wharfs on her Atlantic shore overlooked by the grandeur of the highest mountain peak in West Africa. [8], Armed separatists are split into dozens of guerilla groups of various sizes, many of which have joined the Ambazonia Self-Defence Council (ASC) under the Interim Government. Red stands for the strength of the people. 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The Nigerian Federation dari Amerika Serikat, Buffalo secara online gratis dalam kualitas di. By the UN ; either to join Nigeria or Cameroon as a Federation Officer. Ambazonia National Radio dari Amerika Serikat, Buffalo secara online gratis dalam kualitas tinggi situs... That third option which is disturbing Southern Cameroonians up to this day for... Accordingto lawyer Henry Baaboh, Southern Cameroons or Ambazonia does not need to fight independence...